For Robert Jay Lifton, treating veterans’ trauma was an antiwar tool. How did PTSD, the diagnosis he helped create, come to accommodate state violence?

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Robin Marie Averbeck, a historian and activist, teaches at California State University, Chico. She is author of Liberalism Is Not Enough: Race and Poverty in Postwar Critical Thought.

David S. Busch is the author of Disciplining Democracy: How the Modern American University Transformed Student Activism.

The saga of the Klamath provokes a more fundamental, yet often ignored, set of questions: What is a river for? Irrigation?